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Stone carving, refers to the use of a variety of carvings, carvings of stone, to create a certain space of visible, touchable artistic images, to reflect social life, to express the artist’s aesthetic feelings, aesthetic emotions, and aesthetic ideal of art.
Commonly used stones are granite, marble, lapis lazuli, sandstone, and so on. Stone quality is hard and weather-resistant, and is the main material for large-scale monumental sculpture.
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Stone carving is characterized by realistic shapes, rounded and delicate techniques, and smooth and free patterns. Its traditional skills began in Han, matured in Wei and Jin, and popularized in the Tang Dynasty.
Mainly garden sculpture, architectural sculpture, statues, and stone crafts several categories, products have hundreds of varieties: marble mantelpieces, figure sculpture, bas-relief, abstract sculpture, fountains, flower pots, Roman columns, balustrades, pavilions, busts, door sets, stone benches, bathtubs, animal carvings, tombstones, antique sculpture and so on. Stone carving has a long history, and it emphasizes realistic modeling, rounded and delicate techniques, and smooth and unrestrained patterns. Carving products are mainly figures, animals, fireplaces, flower pots, balustrades, fountains, reliefs, dragon pavilions, dragon pillars, jade pavilions, birds and beasts, a variety of fine carvings, and so on. Both are rich in ancient art charm, but also elegant and bright modern art styles, at home and abroad enjoy the “skillful work” and “stone breaks the sky” of the reputation.
Stone carving is a set of creativity, design, and production of various works of art.
Solid, weather-resistant, and therefore, in Lingnan architecture, in addition to stone towers, stone bridges, stone workshops, stone pavilions, and stone tombs, more widely used in building components and decoration. Roughly divided into three categories: First, as a building component of the door frame, balustrade, holding drum stone, steps, column bases, beam square, well circle, etc.; Second, as a building accessory stone monuments, stone lions, stone Huabiao, as well as stone statues of life, etc.; Third, as a building in the furnishings, such as stone incense burners, stone five, and so on.
Natural stone is now widely used by people for natural beauty, school entrances, garden green belts, the entrance of the organization, and so on.
1, hand-carved products. That is, with chisels, hammers, braziers, and other hand tools carving products.
2, semi-mechanized processing carvings. That is, partly by hand, partly by mechanized processing of stone carving.
3, automatic CNC machining carvings.
4, sandblasting carvings. Use a sandblasting engraving machine for carving. The sandblasting engraving machine is the use of an air machine (air pressure 5-6kg / square meter) and diamond sandblasted in the products engraved at the carving.
5, chemical corrosion engraving. That is, the use of chemical corrosion solution and the chemical reaction between the stone, to achieve the carving stone. There are convex carving (relief) and concave carving two kinds.
Stone carving design techniques are varied, and can be divided into relief, round carving, sunken carving, shadow carving, openwork carving, and perspective carving.
1. Relief carving. That is, in the stone surface carving has a three-dimensional sense of image, is a semi-dimensional type of carving. Because the image is convex on the stone surface and called relief. According to the different degrees of depth of the stone surface the stone, is divided into shallow relief and high relief. Shallow relief is a single layer of statues, the content is relatively single, with no hollowing through the. High relief is a multi-layered statue, the content is more complex, more to take the hollowing out of the carving technique, more fascinating. Relief carving is used for building wall decoration, as well as the temple of the dragon column, holding drums, and so on. The Imperial Way of the Forbidden City in Beijing is a relief carving.
2. Round carving. Is the existence of a single three-dimensional stylized artwork, each side of the stone requires processing, craftsmanship hollowing techniques, and a fine chopping axe. Such carvings are many types, most single stone sculptures, but also a combination of multiple stones, such carvings have developed a lot of promotion of miniature products, some as small as a kernel of fruit, some as thin as a cicada’s wing, but also ingenious, known as “micro-carving”. Such products have been completely removed from the building practical and become pure handicrafts, due to being small and more portable, for souvenir treasures, the development prospects are very good.
3, Sunken carving. Also known as “line carving”, that is, the use of the “water grinding sinking flower” carving method of art. This kind of carving method absorbed Chinese painting and meaning, overlapping, line modeling scattered perspective and other traditional penmanship, stone by plane processing and polishing, tracing the pattern text, and then according to the figure engraved on the line, to the extent of line thickness and depth, the use of shadow embodies the three-dimensional sense. Most of these products are used for the exterior surface decoration of buildings, a strong artistic.
4, Shadow carving. In the early years of the “needle black and white” process based on the development of new crafts. The earliest works were not created in the 1960s by Hui’an artists, because the works are based on photographs, so-called “shadow carving”. This carving of jade crystal lake lapis lazuli was cut and sawed into a flat plate as a material, the first surface polished, the use of its chiseling can show the characteristics of the white point, to the sharp and fine tools cut out the size, depth, sparse and dense micro-points, only divided into black and white different levels, so that the image shows, not only delicate and realistic but also unique charm, is the stone carving to the development of pure art, stone carving process for the production of a new road.
5. Openwork carving. Skeletonization is a form of sculpture, also known as hollow sculpture, that is, there is no performance in the stone part of the image of the hollow, the performance of the image of the part to stay. Skeleton carving is the development of round carving techniques, it is the performance of the object of three-dimensional space level of shoushan stone carving techniques. It is a Shoushan stone carving technique that expresses the three-dimensional spatial level of the object. It is developed from the traditional Chinese stone carving process. Ancient stonemasons often carve dragons with stone beads in their mouths. Dragon beads stripped from the original stone, larger than the dragon’s mouth, rolled in the dragon’s mouth without slipping out. This is the dragon buttonstone chapter in the activities of the “beads” which is the simplest openwork carving.
6. Transparent carving. In relief carving works, retain the protruding object part, and the back part of the partial hollowing, known as relief carving. Transparent carving and skeletonization, chain carving of similarities and differences in performance, all three have penetrating, but the back of the transparent carving is more to the form of the screen to show that there is a single-sided transparent carving and double-sided transparent carving of the points. Single-sided carving only carve the front, double-sided carving will be the front and back of the two sides of the object carved out. Regardless of single-sided or double-sided relief carving, there is an essential difference between skeletonization and chain carving, that is, skeletonization and chain carving are 360-degree full-spectrum carving, rather than the front or front and back sides. Therefore, skeletonization and chain carving belong to the round carving technique, while relief carving is an extension of the relief carving technique.
In addition, ancient and modern stone carvers have also created several round, floating, sinking a variety of techniques in both carvings. These carvings show more complex content, so take the floating in the sinking, sinking in the floating, round in the sinking, and floating of the synthesis of the technique.
