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An art form dating back thousands of years, bronze sculptures are sculptures cast in bronze, an alloy composed primarily of copper, varying amounts of tin, and other metals. This material provides artists with a durable material that can withstand the elements, making it suitable for both outdoor installations and indoor displays.
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Bronze sculpture arose in the period of the Shang Dynasty in China, is a kind of sculpture made of copper material as an embryo, using carving, casting, and molding techniques. (Xiguan copper art) copper sculpture art mainly expresses the shape, texture, and ornamentation of the beauty, mostly used to express the mysterious and intimidating religious themes. Copper Buddha is one of them.
The production of bronze sculpture generally has to go through several important processes, such as metal smelting, forging, engraving, gilding, polishing, red, and so on. The process is complex, and the craftsmanship is also very delicate.
There are two main casting methods for bronze sculpture, i.e. lost wax and mold method. Lost-wax method: made of wax mold, outside the molding material, becomes a whole casting.
Mold method: widely used, large-scale bronze sculpture generally has to go through the parts casting, and then articulated into a whole.
Molten copper method: the use of a moldless controlled fusion casting process, “moldless” so that the copper liquid naturally flows and is deconstructed; “controlled” so that the copper liquid is in the artist’s control of the fusion.
Casting Method: Using the moldless and controllable casting process, “moldless” makes the copper liquid flow naturally and unshape; “controllable” makes the copper liquid melt under the artist’s control.
The modeling of the bronze sculpture is mostly majestic and rugged, dignified and calm, showing a solid and thick, rich and brilliant texture. Copper sculpture decoration is mainly taotie patterns or animal head modeling, and then birds, animals, insects, and fish are part of the form of abstract patterns to set off the copper sculpture modeling.
Maintenance
To maintain the original appearance of copper sculpture, there is a collection of safekeeping issues, copper sculptures in the underground after long-term corrosion and oxidation, the texture has not been solid, especially the semi-detached copper sculpture, and even more fragile than porcelain, so the copper sculpture is properly preserved, to prevent damage to the earth, it is very important to the investor.
Unearthed copper sculptures often have muddy rust, decoration is not clear, appropriate cleaning so that the soil is off by itself, and then gently brushed with a small brush, encountered with the impact of decorative rust, can be used in small bamboo sticks slowly removed, avoid using a copper brush or hard brush brushing, and can not be cleaned up with a sharp instrument to sanding, otherwise, it will destroy the copper sculpture and the loss of the value of the collection.
① Silver oxide method. With silver oxide and cuprous oxide contact, closed the exposed surface of cuprous chloride, to achieve the purpose of controlling corrosion of copper sculpture. First use mechanical methods, to remove the powdery rust, exposing the gray-white waxy cuprous chloride. Then the silver oxide and alcohol into a paste, coated on the surface of cuprous chloride, and placed in a humid environment, so that its full action, the formation of cuprous oxide and copper chloride, covering the surface of cuprous chloride. Both for the stability of the salt, so many times, until the artifacts placed in a high humidity environment still do not appear powdery rust corrosion points. This method is suitable for spot-like localized corrosion of artifacts and metal inlays of artifacts.
②Benzotriazole method. Benzotriazole is a heterocyclic compound, and copper and its salts can form stable complexes, in the copper alloy surface to generate an insoluble and quite strong transparent protective film, so that the copper carving disease is inhibited and stabilized to prevent water vapor and air pollutants erosion. With distilled water and toluene, acetone, and other organic solvents, remove the copper sculpture surface soil oil, and then immerse it in benzotriazole alcohol solvent for penetration, you can form a complex protective film. However, benzotriazole is easy to heat sublimation, loss of protective effect, so the last should be coated with a layer of polymer materials on the surface of the copper sculpture, to do the sealing and protection of the film.
③Lye immersion method. Will be corroded copper sculpture placed in times half sodium carbonate solution immersion, so that the gradual conversion of copper chloride into a stable copper carbonate, a copper sculpture of chloride ions is displaced out of the dip into the liquid. The dipping solution should be replaced regularly until no chloride ions appear in the dipping solution. Subsequently, the artifacts will be repeatedly washed with distilled water to remove the alkali solution, dried, and sealed. Alkali solution only extracts the chloride, retaining the colorful malachite and another corrosion layer, and does not damage the original appearance of the copper sculpture. The disadvantage of this method is the replacement reaction time is long; in addition, chloride is not only attached to the surface of the rust layer but has penetrated the deep corrosion crust of the artifacts, so it is difficult to replace thoroughly.
Bronze sculpture in the decoration of this piece of weight is more and more important. Some soft furnishing design companies submit a design program for many works of art that are used for bronze sculpture. Compared with the ancient Shang Zhou era, its decorative role was in the first place.
Excellent city square sculpture works should be linked with the surrounding natural environment, and echo; city sculpture can make the city more affinity, is up a city logo, and even become a city of humanistic spirit of the centralized embodiment of the world-famous large and medium-sized cities, there is no lack of precedents.
Modern urban sculpture is like the eyes of the city, which can reflect the elegance and charm of the city. As a space art of urban sculpture, although it is subordinate to the existence of the environment and existence, the city is proactive to the environment to enrich and enhance people’s subjective awareness of the environment.
And other bronze sculptures, urban sculpture has experienced a dismal, tortuous process, and has gone through a hundred years of history, in the 21st-century urban sculpture where to go? This is the problem we have to face. Urban sculpture and garden sculpture in common is not just stay in the last century old ideas, can not stay in the urban sculpture and architecture of the proportion, volume, space, color, material, and so on relationship, and to further explore the urban sculpture in the modern city in the role of people in the natural environment and humanistic environment, especially with nature, psychology, history, culture, spirit and other aspects of the relationship. As a kind of environmental art, urban sculpture should be how to echo with the whole city, the development of American urban sculpture may be able to give us some useful inspiration.
